Kuvandudzwa kwemawiricheya

Tsanangudzo yewiricheya

Mawiricheya chinhu chakakosha chekugadzirisa. Haisi nzira chete yekufambisa yevakaremara mumuviri, asi zvinonyanya kukosha, vanovagonesa kurovedza muviri uye kutora chikamu mumitambo yekushamwaridzana nerubatsiro rwemawiricheya. Mawiricheya akajairika anowanzo kuve nezvikamu zvina: wiricheya furemu, mavhiri, mudziyo wemabhureki uye chigaro.

Nhoroondo yebudiriro yemawiricheya

Nguva dzekare

• Chinyorwa chekare chewiricheya muChina chinosvika 1600 BC. Chimiro chewiricheya chakawanikwa pamifananidzo ye sarcophagus.
• Marekodhi ekutanga muEurope mabhara muMiddle Ages (izvo zvinoda kuti vamwe vanhu vasundire, padhuze newiricheya yevakoti)
• Munhoroondo inocherechedzwa pasi rose yemawiricheya, rekodhi rekutanga rinobva kuNorthern and Southern Dynasties yeChina (AD 525). Izvo zvakavezwa zvezvigaro zvine mavhiri pa sarcophagi zvakare zvakatangira zvemazuva ano mawiricheya.

Mazuvano

Mumakore ekuma1800, mawiricheya ane dhizaini yemazuva ano akaoneka. Iine mavhiri maviri makuru emapuranga epamberi uye rimwe vhiri diki kumashure, ine chigaro chine zvigaro zvemaoko pakati.

Kufambira mberi nehondo

• Kubuda kwemawiricheya akareruka akagadzirwa nerattan ane mavhiri esimbi anoonekwa muAmerican Civil War.
• Pashure peHondo Yenyika I, mawiricheya aishandiswa nevakakuvara muUnited States airema makirogiramu 50. United Kingdom yakagadzira wiricheya ine mavhiri matatu nemaoko, uye nenguva isipi yakawedzera mudziyo wemagetsi kwairi.
• Muna 1932 AD, wiricheya yekutanga yemazuva ano inopengeka yakagadzirwa

Dzidzo yemuviri

• Muna 1960 AD, Mitambo yeParalympic yekutanga yakaitirwa munzvimbo imwechete neMitambo yeOlympic - Roma.
• Muna 1964 muTokyo Olympics, izwi rekuti "Paralympics" rakaonekwa kekutanga.
• Muna 1975, Bob Hall akava munhu wekutanga kupedza marathon ari pawiricheya.

Kuronga kwewiricheya

General wheelchair

Iwiricheya inotengeswa nezvitoro zvemichina yekurapa. Chinenge chiri muchimiro chechigaro. Ine mavhiri mana. Vhiri rekumashure iguru uye vhiri reruoko rinowedzerwa. Iyo brake inowedzerwawo kune vhiri rekumashure. Vhiri remberi idiki uye rinoshandiswa pakudhiraivha. Kuseri kwewiricheya Wedzera anti-tipping

Special wheelchair (yakagadzirwa)

Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emurwere, kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa, zvakadai sekusimbiswa-kutakura-kutakura, makusheni anokosha ekumashure, masisitimu ekutsigira mutsipa, makumbo anogadziriswa, matafura ekudyira anobviswa, nezvimwe.

Special wiricheya (mitambo)

• Yakagadzirirwa wiricheya inoshandiswa kumitambo yekutandara kana kukwikwidza.
• Zvakajairwa zvinosanganisira mijaho kana basketball, uye izvo zvinoshandiswa pakutamba zvakajairika zvakare.
• Kazhinji kutaura, huremu uye kusimba ndiwo maitiro, uye akawanda epamusoro-tech zvinhu zvinoshandiswa.

Mamiriro ezvinhu anofanira kusangana newiricheya

• Zviri nyore kupeta uye kutakura
• Ita zvinodiwa nemamiriro ezvinhu
• Yakasimba, yakavimbika uye yakasimba
• Zvinotsanangurwa uye saizi zvinochinjirwa kune chimiro chemuviri wemushandisi
• Chengetedza kushanda nesimba uye shandisa simba shoma
• Mutengo unogamuchirwa kune vashandisi vese
• Iva nemwero wakati wekuzvimiririra pakusarudza chitarisiko nemabasa
• Zviri nyore kutenga zvikamu uye kugadzirisa

Chimiro chewiricheya uye zvishongedzo

Chimiro chewiricheya

Raki yewiricheya

Yakagadziriswa:Ine simba riri nani uye kusimba, iri nyore kuchengetedza hukama hwemutsara wewiricheya pane yekupeta mhando, ine kushoma kutenderera kwekupokana, ine chimiro chakareruka, yakachipa, uye yakakodzera kushandiswa pamba.

Foldable: Idiki muhukuru uye iri nyore kutakura uye kutakura. Mazhinji emawiricheya ari kushandiswa pakiriniki anopeteka.

Mavhiri

Rear vhiri: Chikamu chinotakura chewiricheya; Mawiricheya mazhinji ane mavhiri mahombe kumashure, asi mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana anoda mavhiri makuru kumberi.

Caster: Kana iyo dhayamita yakakura, zviri nyore kuyambuka zvipingamupinyi, asi kana iyo dhayamita yakakurisa, nzvimbo inogarwa newiricheya inova hombe uye zvinonetsa kufamba.

Tire

Brake

Chigaro uye Baskrest

Chigaro:kureba, kudzika nehupamhi

Backrest:Low backrest, high backrest; yakazorora backrest uye isina-yakarerekera backrest

• Low backrest: Hunde ine yakakura siyana yekufamba, asi inoda kuti mushandisi ave nehumwe hunde chiyero uye kugona kutonga.

• High backrest: Mupendero wepamusoro webackrest unowanzopfuura mapendekete, uye musoro unogona kusungirirwa; Kazhinji, iyo yekumashure inogona kutenderedzwa uye kugadziridzwa kuti ichinje nzvimbo yekumanikidza pamagaro kudzivirira maronda ekumanikidza. Kana postural hypotension ikaitika, iyo backrest inogona kuderedzwa.

Legrest uye footrest

• Legrest

Armrest

Anti-tipper

• Paunenge uchida kusimudza ma casters, unogona kutsika paari kudzivirira kubva kune anti-tipper
• Dzivirira kuti wiricheya isadzokera kumashure kana wiricheya yakazembera kumashure zvakanyanya